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What is an EPC Rating? An Energy Performance Certificate (‘EPC’) is a document that records a property’s energy efficiency rating using an ‘A’ –‘G’ grading scale where ‘A’ is the most efficient and ‘G’ the least. An EPC provides a detailed picture of a property’s energy efficiency and, since 2012, has been a legal requirement…

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Under the Strikes (Minimum Service Levels) Act 2023, which received Royal Assent on 20 July 2023, the Secretary of State has the power to set Minimum Service Levels (MSLs) for “relevant services” in the fields of health, transport, education, fire and rescue, border control, and nuclear decommissioning and radioactive waste management services. We previously wrote…

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The Employment Appeal Tribunal has stepped in again in this controversial arena in this case and has ruled that “the freedom to manifest belief (religious or otherwise) and to express views relating to that belief are essential rights in any democracy”. This is another decision in the fraught tug of war between employees claiming they…

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Unlike in most civil claims, the parties in judicial review proceedings are usually not required to give standard disclosure, unless the court orders otherwise. However, judicial review proceedings are different. In judicial review litigation, parties are subject to a ‘duty of candour’ which requires them to co-operate and make candid disclosure of the relevant facts…

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