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Zonal pricing is a market mechanism in which electricity prices vary depending on geographic location. Prices reflect the local cost of delivering electricity, accounting for factors such as transmission congestion and distance from demand centres. This contrasts with the current system in Great Britain, which applies a single national wholesale price for electricity. Whilst the…

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It is easy to get lost in headlines about regulators being abolished and water company profiteering. However, the Independent Water Commission’s final report, chaired by Sir Jon Cunliffe and published on 21 July 2025, sets out the most ambitious overhaul of the UK water sector since privatisation. With 88 formal recommendations, the Cunliffe Report outlines…

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After nearly a decade of restrictive policies, recent changes in law and government policy have opened the door for onshore wind developments. This article explores the key opportunities now available to local authorities, that have arisen from new government strategies (in particular the Onshore Wind Taskforce Strategy) and planning reforms, and looks at how local…

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The Subsidy Control Act 2022 (the “Act”) came into force in January 2023 and replaced the European Union state aid regime. Our previous article provides an overview of the key features of the Act. Here, Olivia Dawson considers the Act’s subsidy challenge regime, the Competition Appeal Tribunal’s (the “CAT’s”) approach to case management and costs,…

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We heard in the news yesterday (9 July 2025) that the fourth subsidy control challenge is being brought before the Competition Appeal Tribunal (the “CAT”). The challenge is to be brought by Bristol Airport against the Welsh Government’s subsidy to Cardiff International Airport (the “Airport”). The subsidy is an award of up to £205 million…

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In March 2025, the Infrastructure and Projects Authority (“IPA”) published two significant guidance documents to assist the public sector in managing the risks associated with Private Finance Initiative (“PFI”) projects. In April 2025, the IPA merged with the National Infrastructure Commission to form the National Infrastructure and Service Transformation Authority (“NISTA”), nestled within HM Treasury…

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